The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 979 Words

The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is a very dramatic and partly fictional play written in 1953 about the Salem Witch Trials. Which took place in the Province of Massachusetts Bay between 1692 and 1693. Arthur, got inspiration for this story from McCarthyism, which is when the U.S. government blacklisted implicated communists. Miller was questioned by the House of Representatives’ Committee on Un-American Activities in 1956 and convicted of compete of Congress for denying to identify others present at meetings he had appeared at. The play had been performed at Martin Beck Theater on Broadway in 1953, on January twenty-second. This play starred E.G. Marshall, Beatrice Straight, and Madeleine Sherwood. But, Arthur Miller felt that the†¦show more content†¦But, John values honesty, and cannot keep the secret any longer. After telling the truth, it lets him keep his integrity, but he has destroyed his reputation as a man. Later in the story, he must face his final test by th e court. If he pursues to reject the fact that he has performed witchcraft, he will be lynched. Yet again, Proctor is tempted to be dishonest to save himself, he then realizes that this again, is a problem concerning integrity. So, in choosing honesty is John Proctor’s form of preserving his virtue in the eyes of God. After Elizabeth had learned the truth about what John has done, she is unable to forgive him. He is bitter towards her because she can’t trust him, but he is guilty himself of being untrustworthy. The fact that he cannot forgive himself is increasing his backlash towards Elizabeths’ inefficiency of forgiveness for him. You can tell John feels guilty, but he still begs for forgiveness from her. He says, â€Å"I’d have you see some honesty in it. Let them, that never lied die now to keep their souls. It is pretense for me, a vanity that will to blind God nor keep my children out of the wind. Pause. What say you?† (Page 136). She then replies with, â€Å"John, it come to naught that I should forgive you, if you’ll forgive yourself. It is not my soul, John, it is yours.† (Page 136). After confessing, he is asked by Danforth to sign on it as well. Proctor refuses to at first, and says â€Å"You have all

The Mental Consequences Of Drafting Soldiers - 890 Words

The military trains soldiers to be mentally and physically unbreakable, but the emotional baggage they carried expose them to mental and physical risks. Soldiers that are draft run a higher risk of developing mental disorders because the emotional and physical stress they experience contributes to their mental instability. In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien shows the mental consequences of drafting soldiers, who struggle to reconcile their emotional state, and fail to maintain their sanity. Drafted soldiers have no choice but to fight, so they come in mentally vulnerable. Once they are involved in warfare, they become susceptible to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Soldiers are trained in military bases, where they learn the craft of warfare before being sent to combat. They are prepared physically and mentally, but nothing compares to the real situations in battle. In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien says â€Å" It was my fourth day [...] I felt a moist sickne ss rise up in my throat. I sat down beside the pigpen, closed my eyes, put my head between knees,† (O’Brien, 214). This quote demonstrates how O’Brien is unable to deal with death, even though he was prepared to confront it. O’Brien mental state starts to deteriorate and he seems to have an emotional breakdown. For example, â€Å" The young soldier stood off by himself at the center of the field [...] the boy’s face was impossible to make out. The filth seemed to erase identities,† (O’Brien, 156). In this moment,Show MoreRelatedThe On The Euthanasia Program1496 Words   |  6 Pageseugenics was, â€Å"the study of agencies under social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations either physically or mentally.† Through reference of Mendel’s laws of heredity, Galton further theorized that physical, mental, and moral traits were inherited from past generations. These traits were divided al ong racial lines, as superior strains of genetically inherited blood were most often attributed to the Nordic, white race. Since some races were genetically superiorRead MoreThe Weaknesses Within The Prosecution2522 Words   |  11 Pagesto be ready for preemptive action when necessary to defend our liberty and to defend our lives. [(GWB, Speech at West Point)] The detainment and transfer of Iraqi insurgents was in the name of national security and preemption,as since U.S. soldiers were eliminating an assumed threat before any greater harm could be done. To support its objective for preemptive war, the Bush Administration redefined reworked the U.S. definition of torture after the events of September 11th. As a signatoryRead MoreThe On The Euthanasia Program1909 Words   |  8 Pageseugenics was, â€Å"the study of agencies under social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations either physically or mentally.† Through reference of Mendel’s laws of heredity, Galton further theorized that physical, mental, and moral traits were inherited from past generations. These traits were divided along racial lines, as superior strains of genetically inherited blood were most often attributed to the Nordic, white race. Since some races were genetically superiorRead MoreEnvironmental Effects of War 7089 Words   |  29 Pagesdied due to war each year between 1985 and 1994. Today, for Iraq alone, there have been over a million deaths as a direct consequence of the American occupation of Iraq. The soldiers would have dedicated their lives to fighting battles, with little possibility of regaining the ability to live successfully as a civilian. One-tenth of mobilized American men were hospitalized for mental disturbances between 1942 and 1945, and after thirty-five days of uninterrupted combat, 98% of them manifested psychiatricRead MoreWhat Is The Social Issue You Are Looking At? Essay7531 Words   |  31 Pagesbefore the age of 15 are up to 4x more likely to develop a alcoholism issue than those who begin drinking at the age of 21. For some teenagers, drinking seems to be a solution to issues they no longer wish to face, many of these do not realise the consequences till it’s almost too late. Binge drinking is the practice of consuming large quantities of alcohol in a single session, usually defined as five or more drinks at one time for a man, or four or more drinks at one time for a woman. Drinks refersRead MoreHistory Notes on Cuban Missile Crisis and Protest in America in the 1960s4816 Words   |  20 PagesDisarmament, Peace and Student Movements. A major concern in the 60’s was that the Cold War would become ‘hot’ and that a nuclear war would break out. Protest movements then emerged to ban nuclear weapons as well as Peace Movements who were against the drafting of young USA students into the Vietnam War. Disarmament Movement. After the USA had dropped atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during WW2 there was an extremely tense atmosphere as other countries started to develop nuclear weapons and theRead More1000 Word Essay85965 Words   |  344 PagesProgram ...................... 51 Army Safety Program .................................. 53 Army Sponsorship Program .............................. 55 QOLP - Army Quality of Life Program ....................... 56 BOSS - Better Opportunities for Single Soldiers ................. 57 CHAMPUS / TRICARE ................................ 58 DEERS - Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System .......... 59 NCODP - Noncommissioned Officer Development Program ......... 60 Weight Control ....................Read MoreLenin13422 Words   |  54 Pagesrevolution.[55] When his wife finished her sentence, she joined him in Munich; she became his personal secretary, aiding the production of Iskra.[56] Together, they continued their political agitation, with Lenin writ ing further articles for Iskra and drafting the program for the RSDLP, attacking ideological dissenters and external critics.[57] Despite remaining an orthodox Marxist, he had begun to accept the Social Revolutionary Party s views on the revolutionary power of the Russian peasantry, penningRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesmake any decisions.† This makes the work simpler but also deepens its monotony. In the cage, Carol Smith says she looks forward to envelopes that contain anything out of the ordinary, such as letters reporting that the donor is deceased. Or she plays mental games. â€Å"I think to myself, A goes in this pile, B goes here and C goes there—sort of like Bingo.† She says she sometimes feels â€Å"like a machine,† particularly when she ï ¬ lls out the â€Å"control card† on which she lists â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† for eachRead MoreHuman Resources Manageme nt150900 Words   |  604 Pagesmanagement and to improve productivity, quality, and service while also reducing costs. As a result, jobs are redesigned and people affected. One of the challenges that HR management faces with organizational restructuring is dealing with the human consequences of change. The human cost associated with downsizing has been much discussed in the popular press: a survivor’s mentality for those who remain, unfulfilled cost savings estimates, loss of loyalty, and many people looking for new jobs. Whereas many

All Behaviour Is Learnt free essay sample

It is the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary. It is influenced by culture, attitudes, emotions, values, ethics, authority, rapport, hypnosis, persuasion, coercion and/or genetics. -wikipedia. org It can be defined more precisely as an internally directed system of adaptive activities that facilitate survival and reproduction. Any behavior we can observe by watching an animal is overt behavior. In humans, behavior is controlled primarily by the endocrine system and the nervous system. Generally, complex nervous systems exhibit a greater capacity to learn new responses and thus more adjustment in behavior. In general, overt behavior may be classified as innate or learnt. Many people use the term instinctive behavior as a synonym for innate behavior. Although both termss refer to natural, inborn patterns of behavior. Another category of behaviour which was later on added is complex behaviour which is a blend of innate and learned components. Innate behaviour Innate behaviour is defined as a relatively complex response pattern which is usually present in both sexes of a given species. These responses are said to have a genetic basis and are essentially unlearned and adaptive. eg. Aggression Learnt behaviour If organisms only had innate behaviour then all the organisms of same species would have had identical behaviour. But that is not the case, is it? This led to the new category of behaviour known as learnt behaviour. A learned behavior is some type of action or reflex that we learn after deciding to learn. We learn it because we find it beneficial to us. We can learn these behaviors by watching others do them, such as riding a bike or learning to write. But we can not learn an innate behaviour like crying. Learned behaviour can also be conditioned. Complex behaviour Most overt behavior is neither 100% innate nor 100% learned. Sometimes innate behaviors may be modified (or modulated) through practice and experience. In locusts, for example, the ability to fly is innate, but an older, experienced individual consumes less energy (per unit time) than a novice flier. This suggests that the older insect has learned to fly more efficiently. Similarly, learned behaviors may incorporate or depend upon elements of innate behavior. Indeed, the ability to learn, to associate, or to remember is almost certainly an innate feature of the insects nervous system. Schematically, it may be useful to think of a box that represents the boundaries of an animals ethogram. All behavior must occur inside the physiological limits of this box (e. g. a beetle larva does not have wings, therefore it cannot fly). Within the box, a set of innate behaviors can be simplistically represented by straight lines. By following a zigzag route, an insect can use only innate behavior to get from point A to point B. But a learned behavior, superimposed on this innate grid, might provide a shortcut that is more useful or more efficient. As in the locust example above, the innate ability to fly may be refined and improved through experience. cals. ncsu. edu Whether our behaviour, actions and conduct are determined by nature, the genes given to us by our parents or by nurture, the factors of the environment upon us after birth and through childhood is a debate that has fascinated psychologists throughout history. Starting with Galtons study of Darwins book on evolution and carrying on with other famous Psychologists such as Pavlov, Watson and Skinner, this is an area of s tudy that is both popular and important. There has been no definitive correct answer to the debate of nature versus nurture and so there are still differing views. Some views have differed in the extreme. For example Galton (1883) suggested nature prevails enormously over nurture yet Eysenck (2003) reports John Locke arguing They (Babies) are born with a mind that is like a blank slate (tabula rasa) and experience records itself in such a way that each individual becomes a unique being. We inherit nothing and all behaviour is acquired as a consequence of experience. John Broadus Watson, an American psychologist also quoted Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and Ill guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. It is a very difficult question to answer because it is almost impossible to ascertain whether someones actions are due to genes or environment. One method used to try and determine whether genes are the most important factor are with identical twin studies. If two monozygotic twins have the same characteristics as each other then it suggests that genes are causing this effect. There are however flaws with this reasoning as twins generally experience the same environment e. g. parents, friends, school etc so it could be argued that the similarities are down to this. A perfect study would be identical twins separated at birth who have experienced completely different environments. Unfortunately this case study is hard to come by and so no real proof can be gained from this. A correleational study was conducted by Pavlov, a staunch behaviourist who believed that responses can be conditioned. Pavlov gave an example of behaviour being learnt in his study on dogs. In his digestive research on dogs, Pavlov and his assistants would introduce a variety of edible and non-edible items and measure the saliva production that the items produced. Salivation, he noted, is a reflexive process. It occurs automatically in response to a specific stimulus and is not under conscious control. However, Pavlov noted an interesting occurrence – his canine subjects would begin to salivate whenever an assistant entered the room even in the absence of food and smell. He quickly realized that this salivary response was not due to an automatic, physiological process. Based on his observations, Pavlov suggested that the salivation was a learned response. The dogs were responding to the sight of the research assistants white lab coats, which the animals had come to associate with the presentation of food. Unlike the salivary response to the presentation of food, which is an unconditioned reflex, salivating to the expectation of food is a conditioned reflex. Pavlov then focused on investigating exactly how these conditioned responses are learned or acquired. In a series of experiments, Pavlov set out to provoke a conditioned response to a previously neutral stimulus. He opted to use food as the unconditioned stimulus, or the stimulus that evokes a response naturally and automatically. The sound of a metronome was chosen to be the neutral stimulus. The dogs would first be exposed to the sound of the ticking metronome, and then the food was immediately presented. After several conditioning trials, Pavlov noted that the dogs began to salivate after hearing the metronome. A stimulus which was neutral in and of itself had been superimposed upon the action of the inborn alimentary reflex, Pavlov wrote of the results. We observed that, after several repetitions of the combined stimulation, the sounds of the metronome had acquired the property of stimulating salivary secretion. In other words, the previously neutral stimulus (the metronome) had become what is known as a conditioned stimulus that then provoked a conditioned response (salivation). When you look at nature, different species are born in different stages of their readiness to tackle this pla net. Mountain goats, once born, take a couple of minutes to get their balance, and the next thing you know, they are skipping around happily! Fish can swim immediately as well. So, depending on the species, the â€Å"apprenticeship† has a different time frame. Now, the longest of all these apprenticeships is served by the human being! When we are born, the only thing we are equipped to do is scream, eat and soil ourselves. What does this mean? The human being has to learn about one of the most complex social structures on the planet, has to master language and the very complicated task of walking, and then comes school and all the other good stuff. However, at the very beginning, we are basically blank sleights, waiting to be imprinted with all the necessary information we need to survive in todays environment. Another distinguishing feature to our species is the life long learning process we are engaged in. Basically, we never stop learning, even though the learning curve is steepest at the beginning. The fact that we are blank sleights also means that we learn all our bad habits, annoying behaviors, and our psychological illnesses (given, some people are born with birth defects). To me, this means that things like depression, ADHD, etc are learnt behaviors! Show me a depressed baby†¦. The good new is that if all this stuff is learnt, we can also unlearn it and teach ourselves better things. We can teach our brain and mind to do exactly what we want them to. This of course not only involves a conscious effort, but also unconscious involvement, as all behaviors, learnings and changes are unconscious (soon, more on that). So, maybe we just have to rediscover the child within to truly set us free to be however we want to be†¦

Sales Pattern Analysis of Television in India free essay sample

Main objectives of the research are to understand the market of consumer electronics, mainly Televisions, what are the different technologies in the market and response of people towards it. There are essentially three market sectors i. e. Low Income, Middle Class and High Income Sector and the behaviour of each sector is different from one another. The data was collected from a sample of 7-8 shops in each category via a questionnaire following which an in-depth analysis was conducted. However various figures in sales representations are estimate as the scope for the market research was limited. The research paper shows how the sales of televisions vary across the three sectors based on their types, size and brands. The paper also brings to light the response of people towards the conventional technologies like Ultra Slim TVs and newer technologies like LED TVs. This research study highlights the priorities of each sector through consumer behaviour. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales Pattern Analysis of Television in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It shows the thought process of the consumer behind the purchase of a simple commodity, like a Television. The television is one of the most important sources of information. It plays such a significant role in people? s everyday lives that it? s almost impossible to imagine how we would live if there were no TV. The main reason why so many people choose this means of getting information and entertainment is its simplicity and convenience. The television has now become an intricate part of our lives. There may be alternate methods to entertain oneself with the internet, or to get world news, but the television will still never go out of favour. In urban India, almost all households have at least one TV set, which speaks a lot about its reach. As the years progressed, we moved from the first black and white televisions in the 1930s to the first colour television in 1950s. Colour TV was a revelation in more ways than one. Before its arrival, people even dreamt in black and white, colour television even changed that. Constant advancements in this field have been made. People loved the concept of home entertainment and more and more channels started coming up in order to provide it. To improve the viewing experience, rapid technological advancements started being made such as flat-panel displays, to LCDs and LEDs to the current HD and 3D viewing. Starting with 41 sets in 1962 and one channel, by 1991 TV in India covered more than 70 million homes giving a viewing population of more than 400 million individuals through more than 100 channels. In Urban India, 85% of all households have a TV and over 70% of all households have access to Satellite, Cable or DTH services. Approximately half of all Indian households own a television. As of 2010, a total number of 515 channels are available in the country out of which 150 are pay channels. As per the TAM Annual Universe Update 2010, India now has over 134 million households (out of 223 million) with television sets, of which over 103 million have access to Cable TV or Satellite TV, including 20 million households are DTH subscribers. Thus as we can see that the demand for Televisions has gone up drastically. Seeing this huge market, there has been a massive influx of companies in the past decade that have started selling their own line of television sets. We now have in Indian markets, companies such as Sony, Samsung, LG, Panasonic, Toshiba, Videocon, Onida and many others who keep coming up with newer and better quality televisions. Everybody from a daily wage earner to a CEO in a Multinational organisation has a television at home. The aim of this research is to analyse the wishes of each section of society, and to find out what type of televisions do they prefer to purchase, what do people from different income groups look for when they want a television system. The idea is to understand the mind of today? buyers, to understand what are their preferences, priorities and mindset, so that informed decisions and strategies can be formulated. To conduct this research, a questionnaire was produced and the market was divided into three broad sections namely Lower income, Middle income and High income Offices sector. Areas were recognised with these specific sections of society and the electronic stores in and around those areas were visited such as Saki Naka, Andheri East for lower income sector, Santacruz West and Andheri West for middle and upper income sector. For high income ector offices, Opera House and Prabhadevi were visited. The volume of people in this sector is also highest in our country. Hence they purchase the most number of TV sets in the country and are the core segment for all the companies other than the Big Three (Samsung, Sony and LG). The main aim of people is buying a TV with its basic features with good looks as an added bonus. Aesthetic value provided by a television is not a major issue. „Value for Money? is the chief endeavour for the consumer. They typically look for Ultra Slim TVs, Small Segment LCDs and Conventional TVs. As cost is a major factor among these people, TVs which have maximum features in a fixed price range are bought.